Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD):
ASD are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized primarily by:
- Social Communication Challenges
- Difficulty understanding nonverbal cues (eye contact, facial expressions).
- Trouble with reciprocal conversation or forming peer relationships.
- May prefer to play alone or not seek social engagement.
- Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours
- Repetitive movements (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking).
- Rigid routines or extreme distress at small changes.
- Intense focus on specific topics or interests.
- Unusual sensory responses (over- or under-sensitivity to sounds, lights, textures)
3. Problems in verbal and non-verbal communication
- Delayed Language Development
- Echolalia: repeating words or phrases, either immediately or later.
- May not point to objects of interest or wave hello/goodbye.
- Difficulty recognizing or responding to others’ facial cues.
4. Early Signs
- Limited babbling or speech delays in early childhood.
- Lack of pointing or gesturing by 12 months.
- Limited eye contact or social smiling.
- Not responding to name by 12 months.
Diagnosis:
ASD is diagnosed based on behavioural evaluations—there’s no single medical test. Tools commonly used include:
- Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS)
- Indian Scale for Autism Assessment (ISAA)
- Developmental screening by Psychologists, psychiatrists, developmental paediatricians
Diagnosis can be made as early as 18–24 months, though some individuals aren’t diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood.
Treatment:
Research shows that early autism diagnosis and timely intervention can lead to significant improvements in long-term outcomes, including symptom management and skill development. These interventions are most effective when introduced in the early years, typically around ages 2-3, during the preschool period. At this age, a child’s brain is still developing and remains highly adaptable, which enhances the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. Early intervention lays a critical foundation for development and helps children achieve their fullest potential. We provide individualised and intensive therapy in speech and language, occupational skills, and Behaviour management.
